Normality To Molarity Calculator
Enter your solution’s concentration in gram equivalents per liter in normality to molarity calculator. Common laboratory values include 2 N (two normal solution), 1 N (standard solution), 0.5 N (half-normal), and 0.1 N (decinormal solution). Any positive number, including decimals, is acceptable.
Input the number based on your substance type. For acids, enter the number of hydrogen ions: HCl uses 1, H₂SO₄ uses 2, H₃PO₄ uses 3. For bases, enter the number of hydroxide ions: NaOH uses 1, Ca(OH)₂ uses 2. For redox reactions, enter the number of electrons transferred.
The calculator displays both the final molarity and your input values for reference.
Normality To Molarity Calculator
| Compound | Normality (N) | Molarity (M) | Conversion Formula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) | 1 N | 1 M | M = N / n (n = 1) |
| Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) | 1 N | 0.5 M | M = N / n (n = 2) |
| Nitric Acid (HNO₃) | 1 N | 1 M | M = N / n (n = 1) |
| Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | 1 N | 1 M | M = N / n (n = 1) |
| Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) | 1 N | 0.5 M | M = N / n (n = 2) |
Notes:
- Normality (N) depends on the number of equivalents (n) per mole of the compound in a reaction.
- For HCl and HNO₃, (n = 1) because they donate 1 proton (H⁺).
- For H₂SO₄, (n = 2) because it donates 2 protons (H⁺).
- For bases like Ca(OH)₂, (n = 2) because it releases 2 hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
Normality to Molarity Conversion Formula
M = N/nParameters
- M = Molarity (mol/L)
- N = Normality (eq/L)
- n = Number of Equivalents (equivalence factor)
For HCl where n = 1: If you have a solution with normality (N) = 2, then M = 2/1 = 2 mol/L.
For H₂SO₄ where n = 2: If you have a solution with normality (N) = 2, then M = 2/2 = 1 mol/L.
How to Convert Normality To Molarity?
- First, determine the normality (N) of your solution.
- Identify the equivalence factor (n) of your substance:
- For acids: count the number of H⁺ ions
- For bases: count the number of OH⁻ ions
- For redox reactions: count the electrons transferred
- Divide the normality value by the equivalence factor (N/n)
- The result is your solution’s molarity (M)
To convert a 3 N solution of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), identify its equivalence factor (n=2), then divide the normality by this factor: 3/2 = 1.5 M.
What is Normality and Molarity?
Normality (N): Normality is a measure of concentration that expresses the number of equivalent weights of a solute per liter of solution. One equivalent weight is the mass of a substance that will react with or supply one mole of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in an acid-base reaction or one mole of electrons in a redox reaction. For example, a 1 N solution of HCl contains one gram equivalent of HCl per liter of solution.
Molarity (M): Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. It’s the most commonly used concentration unit in chemistry. For example, a 1 M solution of HCl contains one mole of HCl per liter of solution. Molarity is particularly useful because it directly relates to the number of molecules present in a solution.